Alice Freeman Palmer

American educator, elected to the chair of history in Wellesley College in 1879, and three years later became president, which position she retained till her marriage in 1887.

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Dr Ann Preston

American physician and educator who entered the Women’s Medical College of Philadelphia in 1850, when the institution was opened, graduated two years later, and was professor of physiology and hygiene from 1854 and dean from 1866.

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Patricia Marjorie Ralph

Marine biologist Pat Ralph specialised in marine hydroids, which before she began publishing were little studied in New Zealand; she published five seminal papers on the thecate hydroids of New Zealand between 1957 and 1961. Her pioneering work won worldwide recognition and in 1962 she received the rarely given DSc; she was the first woman on the staff of Victoria University College to receive the degree.

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Maria Edgeworth

Irish novelist, whose stories represent a distinct stop in the development of fiction in English and are progenitors of similar productions including Sir Walter Scott’s novels of Scottish life.

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