Caroline

On Sunday, June 9, 1839, Caroline, a Black woman enslaved by Minerva Buchanan Crawford and Andrew Alexander Crawford, was hanged in Cane Hill Township in Washington County, Arkansas.

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Ivory Lady of Valencia

The so-called “Ivory Lady” of Valencia, Spain was assumed for years to have been a man because, as one researcher put it, as a rich and prominent person, it must be a male.

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Rebecca Nurse

Rebecca Nurse was a respected wife, mother, and grandmother, known for piety and benevolence. She was a covenant church member—the highest status a Puritan could achieve. Yet none of this kept the 71-year-old from being executed as part of the Salem witch trials in 1692.

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