Norma Shirley

Jamaican chef Norma Shirley built a reputation in the U.S. serving “New England food with Jamaican flair” at her Massachusetts restaurant in the late 1970s. But as she told Essence magazine, “It’s my dream to open another restaurant in Jamaica where Blacks would be the majority clientele.”

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Ana María Simo

Cofounded by Cuban activist and playwright Ana Maria Simo in 1992, the Lesbian Avengers used direct-action tactics (nonviolent demonstrations such as marches and kiss-ins) to increase lesbian visibility.

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Juana Ramirez

Known as Juana “La Avanzadora,” or Juana “The Advancer” in English for her valiant efforts and leadership on the frontlines of the fight against colonial rule in Venezuela.

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Vilma Espín

One of the first women in Cuba to study chemical engineering, graduating from the Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Vilma Lucila Espín Guillois was mostly known as one of the leading Cuban revolutionaries, feminist, and wife of Raúl Castro.

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Cecilia Concepción Alvarez

American artist Cecilia Concepción Alvarez developed a national reputation for her paintings, which reflects her experiences as a Chicana/Cubana as she expresses her own vision of beauty and strength.

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