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Annie Margaret MacArthur was the first woman to gain tenure in an Anthropology Department in an Australian university when she was appointed lecturer at the University of Sydney in 1965.

Phyllis Kaberry was the first Australian woman to be recognised as a fully trained and qualified anthropologist. She achieved several other ‘firsts’ along the way: she was the first female Australian anthropologist to complete doctoral work, which she did at the London School of Economics in 1938, and the first who took a particularly woman-focused approach to her field work and theories.